Hi,
In this article, we will talk about notes names, clef, staff...
I strongly recommend that you play every single example on your instrument (and on a piano if your main instrument isn't the piano)
Notations
We will (almost) always use what is called "common notation" : it includes, mainly : a staff (or two, or more staves) and a clef.
Notes names
Natural notes (white keys)
Altered notes (black keys)
Sharps
Flats
Sharps and flats : Enharmonic equivalence
Everything
Note names in a nutshell : check this video
In the next article, we will talk about the distance between notes.
All the best, Seb