Welcome back to our exploration of music intervals. In this article, we'll uncover the secrets behind these essential components of melodies and harmonies.
What are intervals in music theory?
Intervals in music represent the distance between 2 notes, which defines the dynamic relationships and interactions within a musical composition. There are 8 types of intervals in music, and each type can have various qualities.
Understanding interval types
To calculate the interval between two notes, count from the starting note through the sequence (C D E F G A B) including both the first and last note. The interval types are: Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Octave, and Unison.
Quality of the intervals
Alterations impact the quality of an interval based on the number of semitones. For example: C to E = 4 semitones = major third; E to G = 3 semitones = minor third.
| interval type | semitones | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| unison | 0 | perfect unison | A-A |
| second | 1 | minor 2nd | E-F |
| 2 | major 2nd | B-C# | |
| third | 3 | minor 3rd | F-Ab |
| 4 | major 3rd | G-B | |
| fourth | 5 | perfect 4th | G-C |
| 6 | augmented 4th | F-B | |
| fifth | 6 | diminished 5th | F-Cb |
| 7 | perfect 5th | Eb-Bb | |
| sixth | 8 | minor 6th | G-Eb |
| 9 | major 6th | D-B | |
| seventh | 10 | minor 7th | C-Bb |
| 11 | major 7th | D-C# |
For interval practice, take a look at this interactive page.
Articles on the series about intervals:
- Exploring Interval Names in Music Theory for beginners
- How to identify music intervals part 1/6
- How to identify music intervals part 6/6